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Tradition, modernity and the future of civilization
Tradition, modernity and the future of civilization
__________________________________________Madan Mohan. L
Ph.D., Research Scholar,
Osmania University, Hyderabad
….. There are two things we can hope to give our children, one is the wings and other roots. The wings are needed to move 'and adapt with the times, to the greatest lesson we can learn from human history so far is that the only thing is permanent is change. However, along with it. We also have to say that if society is to be more than a loosely organized chaos in the modern age Science must recognize its position and speed of movement that is changing is the very nature of things indeterminable as evidenced by the Heisenberg principle of indeterminacy. This is transient and the unknown future, the interdependence rather than independence and multiculturalism rather than materialism, we must highlight keeping firm faith in basic human values. Multi-ethics of the cultures, traditions and fundamental human rights – the roots of any civilization. It is this fusion of roots and wings, if persistently today, will bring humanity to a new level of sustainable peace, progress for all. A proverb says rightly Latino – The future always struggles against being mastered, but masters degrees with roots in the past (tradition) and currently living in (currency) ……. "
– President GW Bush (Excerpts from his speech on March 29, 2001 at the University of Poland).
The origin of human civilization on this earth is so fascinating as the origin of life itself. Life originated on this earth some 2000 million years (albeit from fossil records, scientists estimate it at this 1500 million years) in the form of unicellular bacteria like objects (now called microfossils). Since then, there has been no arrest with the evolutionary emergence of algae and invertebrates (550-450 million years ago), fishes (450-300 million years ago). Amphibious (300 – 250 million years), reptiles, birds and mammals (250-50 million years ago) as well as experiments of nature to mammals (50-30 million years). Apes and humanoid varieties (30-1 million years), and the final appearance of the man around 1 million years ago. Therefore, it is clear that man has been in existence for only 1 million years out of my life two billion years or only about 0.05% of the lime. Similar is the case of human civilization that only about 10,000 years or just 1% of the time of the existence of man. We are second in the previous sequence, complexity, development from simple to complex forms through various stages of evolution. And each stage represents a greater integration of all the elements until we reached the top, man, whose fiscal Riaisc said: "Man is but a reed, the weakest thing in nature, but it is a thinking reed ", y. Shakespeare came into ecstasy when they are established. "How beautiful humanity! Oh brave new world. That has such people in't" and beyond. "… What piece of work is man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form, in moving, how express and admirable! How like an angel! In apprehension how like a cod! "But this" god "is in its embryonic evidence of his humble origins. Begins as a single cell (a kind protozoa) and then becomes a small colony of cells (like a sponge) each of which is payable from the separation and the life of its own. It then passes through a period of two layers, as coebnterates ("hollow gut"), typical representatives of which are jellyfish and sea anemones. Then comes third layer, as in the case of starfish, sea urchins and other echinoderms (spiny skin). The whole range or evolution repeats itself. Similar is the case of civilization human, which has slowly evolved from primitive and simple movement of the complexity of modern type, but the divergence towards convergence of traditional knowledge and the prospects for modem. In general, the human civilization can be classified into three main stages and ten times as
A. Similarity of the Primitive Era
1. Primitive hunters and food gatherers.
2. Advanced or Big Game Hunters.
3. Farmers matrifocal.
4. Early Technologists.
5. Nomadic warrior and the Pirates.
B. Theocratic Age of divergence
6. Techno-theocratic (River Valley Civilizations.)
7. Agricultural religious hierarchy (including feudal).
8. Trade religious (religious Bourgeois).
C. Era of Convergence
9. Rational-Trade (Bourgeois).
10. Democrats Scientific Ferninist International (Modern).
The chronological order is basically in the order listed above, although there are exceptions of jumping, missing, extension, and transplantation of stages. These exceptions can be explained nature through experiments of man and nature to adapt to changes at different locations and are in correspondence only for experiments with forms of life with the same purpose as discussed in the evolutionary sequence. Thus, in Western Europe, the rehgio-commercial (Western European civilization first tall) came before the agricultural-religious hierarchy, as it did in Crete, Russia, parts of Western Asia (Syria. Babylonian, Arab-Muslim), parts of Southeast Asia (Sri Yijaya, Sailendra Java), parts of Trans-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Mali, Songhai), etc., show jumping ecstasy. Some areas and societies have lost some stages. Thus, Europe lost Phase 6, ie Irrigation theocratic. Eurasia also missed this and what rational business was not weak. In Southeast Asia, to stage 5 (Guerrero Aristocrat) was weak, while stage 6 (Theocratic Irrigation) was gone. Only Western Europe and Japan the rational-mercantile. Meanwhile, Europe-commercial sound was transplanted to North America. Europe developed the scientific-democratic also was transplanted to North America, Mesoamerica and South America and acquired in Russia, later the USSR and Japan. Elsewhere, except in China, reccgnisable democratic societies, there was only marginally as thin or transplant. 1.2.4 Stages and 5 were mobile and moved between zones. Stage 3 (matrifocal Agricultural) and 6 (Theocratic Irrigation) were sedentary, but their ideas, products, etc, radiating out, especially under the auspices of merchant and warrior, often foreign initially.
The characteristic property of the companies mentioned above is that developed on their own and had their own identity, even in cases of transplants or enlargements of other places, thus representing unique characteristics, traditions, cultures and perspectives. Differences between groups B and C indicate that religion or ideological dogmatism. is a factor of great divying. You can also see that the typologies arc based on the dominant mode production or distribution does not mean that other modes are not in existence but that the production or distribution of the type of name is pre-eminent and the seals its quality over the company concerned. To this end, 10th stage of production is "scientific" a broader term of the involvement of 'industrial' since it involves constant research.
In the early parts of the world's history, cultures alt based on the struggle for existence against a hostile nature, began to operate from coercion in human metabolism to create conditions which enable man to master his environment. This creative impulse of the human race has been in action, at all stages, sometimes hindered by political and social orders unpleasant and sometimes hindered by the protracted wars of aggrandizement of powerful tyrants and potentates. Importantly and uniquely, however, in the Renaissance period there has always been the intent of integration through the reaffirmation of man's ability to control their destiny. Unfortunately, attempts of this kind in the modern era have led to a dilemma as aptly described by Albert Einstein, one of the most creative intellects and brilliant scientists of the millennium: "Perfection of means and confusion of goals in my opinion, seems to characterize to modernity. "This is mainly due to the fact that the set of values that emerged to guide the ancient civilizations in the field of scientific research (Primarily responsible for the advent of the modern era) including finding the solution to the mystery of the universe to attain true knowledge of ultimate reality the culture of science in the bottom of dharma or natural justice and have a humanitarian purpose in view, have lost sight of. The task of integrating different consciousness highly specialized and complex of man in modern times when there has been a phenomenal multiplication facts established and glimpses of the inner worlds, the power and experience, it also seemed impossible and very subject to extraordinary difficulties. The frustration, therefore, came from these factors and as the measures taken to combat these imperfect in the name of "globalization, liberalization and privatization. This frustration took various forms during the 20th century, which the militant form of piety often known as fundamentalism erupted in every major religion as a major rebellion against modernity. Each fundamental movement convinced himself that scientific, liberal, secular and democratic society is determined to cleanse the religion and traditions multicultural built through the centuries of human civilization, thus putting the future of our civilization in danger. Therefore, in order secure the future of our civilization, the following should be affirmed and recognized in modern civilization and scientific. These aspects include:
• Union of modern science with the traditions of society / Sociology of Science.
• Blending modern science with traditional art and history.
• Interaction of modern science and religion.
• The interaction of Modern Science and Human Values.
• Strengthening the chain linking science and philosophy.
1. Combining modern science with the traditions of the Society
Science should never be taken as an individual pursuit or a selfish pleasure, that is, has value only insofar as they relate to the welfare of the human community. In the words of Schrodinger, "Do not ever lose view the role of enforcement tools of science and scientists have to play within the great performance of tragicomedy of human life, to keep science in touch with life and keep in touch with life science.'' Only from humanitarian purposes in view of all applied sciences, we can think of science major to achieve true happiness and sustainable peace for the society – the ultimate goal of my culture success. The application to check the epidemic, application to combat poverty, the application to bring in greater transparency in public affairs, the application to build a society free of caste and class, the application to improve human nutrition, application of strengthening democracy and freedom with responsibility and so are some of the measures that science can and should adopt, but have to be taken with a new dimension, ie, "The sustainability of the effects." Without sustainability, tensions and problems of an social, psychological, political and economic arise continuously and repeatedly and in a way that is more difficult to control. An integral personality of a human being should be emphasized to promote vigorously the idea of belonging and check the slow erosion of the total personality of a human universal. The current confusion is that the trends current science, we know more and more middle and less on less on this measure are losing the perception, vision and imagination of the whole. This the problem is why fundamentalism is on the rise. This is the problem why frustration is growing. Science has to realize that science specialist either genetics or astrophysics, mathematics and botany, are like the fingers of one hand, all of the common matrix of common sense, experience man's daily, history, tradition and his words. Each is now developing a life experience and own language, but among the fingertips is not rare or no contact. The need, therefore, is to maintain contact and continue to grow. For democracy to function efficiently under the political system also modern science has an important role to play, as the political doctrines (whether democracy or totalitarianism or otherwise) and government policies affecting the lifestyle and living conditions of the population of a country. Be it education, automation, agriculture, energy use nuclear, defense, industry, economy or any other social aspects, the role of government and politics is enormous. "As it is, so it will be your rulers! "Is a phrase often cited between society and politics and, therefore, the interaction of modern science and politics, political ideologies and the State. In fact, a 'new Panchasheel' for the new millennium and can be proposed "child-centered education, focusing on women in the Family human-centered development, focusing on knowledge and the Society for Innovation and Sustainability World Center. "
2. Combining modern science with traditional art and history
Inherent in a human being are the forces of curiosity and the effort to achieve average production and fundamental impetus for research on the resolution of questions about the origin of life, their final destination, the wrenching pain of existence, body and soul through internal imbalances cruelties of nature, through the wickedness of men his roots in personal aggrandizement and through millions of hopes and despairs. This forces him to cultivate the skills and techniques to your search to observe himself and nature and then analyze their experiences (for example, Picasso began to many pictures with a line that led a new possible organic composition by the unconscious-conscious interplay of kinetic powers of causation, similarity, contrast, color, line , and structure, and many other relations with intense vision, and the innate ability). However, if a man finds it necessary to accept certain axioms, which have not been proven, still remain a part of their hunches or apperception. The resulting experiments remain suspended between actualization and aspiration and may or may not become a Fully integral part. But, come on, or communicated. When a scientist or an artist feels he has done everything possible to make their deepest intentions, his search in a variety of experiences leads to the creation of a balance and a sense of cohesion and harmony with society (for example, traditions, assumptions Ukanawa of inn began as a response and were shown not then, but today we know these mesons as the last particles rather than atoms and this argues in hypothesis). Therefore, if there is no difference between the inspiration behind a scientific experiment and a work of art or craft, then how can machine in our scientific age, the hostility between science and art is so visible in everyday life? It is likely that the unity between the two in the ages before modernity was based on the fact that the tools used in the experiment, both primitive and crafts were more difficult and can be exercised, by one and the same man. With industrialization, type of instruments became more, complex as it became complex machines and started a subdivision of work. This meant the forfeiture of personal initiative, which can not easily be restored unless and until every worker understands the contemporary world is not a cog in the machine, but an important element in the total process .. Therefore, this blend of traditional art and history with modern science is w, which is important in the current era of security and welfare of future civilization.
3. Interaction of modern science and religion
In his essays on Science and World Modern, Alfred North Winiehead asked: "When we consider what religion is for mankind, then what science: it is no exaggeration to say that future course of history depends on the decision of this generation as to the relations between them. "In response, Albert Einstein, in his famous lecture on Science and Religion said: "Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind."
A careful study of human history reference two important facts about science and religion. First, it has always been the conflict between the two (between Galileo and the Catholic Church, and, between Copernicus and the Church, etc.) and secondly, that both of them have always been in a state of continuous development. If we focus on the first aspect, the genius and the role of Christianity in particular in Western history and society in largely undiscovered by virtue of its conservatism, however, when we focus on the second aspect of the continued growth of science and religion, we see the genius of religions that have survived through long periods of history as important participants in an ongoing culture as significant elements in personal and collective life. This ability to participate in a happening or development or change is one of its resources, but more often overlooked. In fact, while his faithful most devoted and can argue that they have suffered because they possess the truth is eternal and indestructible, the student of religion also notes that only religions, Holidays have the ability to have continued for long periods of changing circumstances that have relevance to personal human life and human society collectively. Religion does not necessarily mean a mere sentimental moonlight based entirely on faith and imagination, they have nothing to do with reason. It is faith, indeed, but faith in the essential rationality of the world order and what we consider to be the last (for example, the Quran cites: "There should be no coercion in matters of faith! (2:256) and preaches through the Hadith (or tradition): "Pay the worker his wages before his sweatdries up." Religions have taught us so much, personal and social morality and the teachings and traditions, and the need to maintain a delicate balance between the two for the negative control of outbreaks of any new development. This balance is an important lesson from the religious history of mankind, which is increasingly under constant threat by modernity, especially with the effects experienced in personal morality. A truly religious life, a life of deep devotion, knowingly or not, is a life of deep thought. The knowledge or wisdom is always there, whenever a case for deepening the devotional life. For. ultimately, the true devotion can only be a commitment to truth, which is in fact also the final goal of science (to find the ultimate truth of life.) Thus, the relationship between religion and science in the world Modern balanced is imperative to check the negative influences of religion (called fundamentalism), and science (called negative use of science). In (act, we see today a race of all existing religions to explain how scientific religion, without compromising or abanswing their core issues. Is this the spirit with which religion must be pursued as a tool and a potential weapon to check everything that is vile and evil in our society and science. Only in this way. can act as a contribution (not a disruption or a destructive force) in the accumulation of future civilization based on the provision of effective peace and prosperity throughout the world.
4. The interaction of modern science and Human Values
The prospects for each activity, whether social or scientific, is to be caring and concerned with human beings. Bu "for an activity aimed at human beings be punitive in approach and constructive action, a set of values governing human conduct is a must, because without the human intellect is required and has the potential to become a dangerous force formidable. Namely As has been emphasized in all religions and this is what marks the beginning of creativity through participation in all the arts. Isaac Newton once said: "For me Science, art and religion are ultimately the same and ultimately lead to a goal, the goal of self-realization that is the acceptance of the fact that I mean not only that you or I or any individual, but the life that permeates all – expresses and unmanifestcd creation and can not be even without thinking about representation of true human values in each of our effort. "All discoveries and technological advances in the modern world have done something that did not exist before, that is to make us aware of the world and materialistic. All issues, all differences of opinion, political and otherwise, now has a global impact. When Kennedy was assassinated, he became an event of global importance. When Martin Luther King was shot or World 7 Trade Center towers fell on Sept. 11, once again the fear of world opinion and world wars came into being. But unfortunately, this consciousness of the world, all are now much more aware the evil that good, and a powerful evil man attracts the attention of the world that the great man of compassion, unless the caliber of Lord Buddha, Lord Krishna, Guru Nanak or Christ (rarely, however, these beings come into the world). The lack of vision of the small man, his selfishness, and great knowledge, together with the power of achieve personal goals will only lead to the destruction of man by man. But if human values are attached to the side, it will become a constructive weapon for humanity to live and let live to its future generations peacefully and in a healthy and creative. A paradigm in this sense in the modern era is Bhutan, which has declared as a state policy to respect each other, mutually cooperate and coexist, to preserve the fundamental human rights and values, take pride in their culture, creating opportunities healthy employment, providing corruption free government, and live in harmony with nature. In this way, it was decided to measure their growth in terms of "true human happiness" by strengthening the social sector "in the modern era, not by GDP or other economic indices. The The same is true for Norway, which has created a culture of social structure reinforced by the development of its resources (ie people) in its 1000 year history and has been Rated no. 1 in the Human Development Report on United Nations 2001.
5. Strengthening linkages Science and Philosophy
From time immemorial, philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Swami Vivekananda have motivated millions of minds and raised their voices against the brutalities and vices of his time. The arrival of the Renaissance in Europe has been largely attributed to the philosophers and thinkers such as Rousseau, who said that "Man is born free, but is that everywhere in chains. "Such is the impact of philosophy in our mind whenever we speak of a" creative person ", that philosophers are always outstanding scientists. The philosophy, according to Russell, is something intermediate between theology and science. As theology, this is speculation on matters in which definite knowledge has so far not determinable, but as science, it appeals to human reason rather than authority, whether that of tradition or of the revelation. And, as has been the definitive list of science and philosophy of the scientists before 1840 were called "natural philosophers 'As the term "scientist" was coined and used by William Whevell of Cambridge. We are already seeing a lot of philosophical concepts such as feminism, internationalism, etc., attached with modernity. Alexander Pope once said:
"A little learning is a dangerous thing
Drunk or not the taste Deep Spring Pieria
There shallow drafts intoxicate the brain,
And drinking largely sober us again. "
This aspect philosophical concerns not only science but also to all the efforts that the man should take in the struggle for existence or in development. To describe it in terms psycho-social relationship attitudes: if science is the man in the final cognitive awareness, philosophy certainly is his primary concern, while religion is nothing less than his final commitment. Therefore, a chain from these multidimensional aspects of human life must be strengthened to obtain an explicit vision of life As Whitehead said: "The balance of the mind through these aspects should be now part of the tradition which infects cultivated thought. It remains salt the sweet life and continued growth. "
The evolution has taught us great lessons and so have our traditions, human beings have evolved after of millions of years of patience and the complexities of the different stages of evolution. The knowledge of every aspect of nature never calls be obtained without its effect on the researcher himself as a man in his emotions, his attitude toward life, his vision of humanity and its relationship with everyone. Therefore, the progress of the guards of all civilizations should be requested to include the various developments in knowledge about the various cultures into one kingdom, over which man should be in harmony with nature if the species called Homo sapiens, is to survive in the midst of nature not yet absorbed. He will also have to overcome their own weaknesses and dangerous aberrations in order to mark the beginning of a future of relative balance to allow a fair distribution of potential land and other planets and also have to seek some kind of harmony in the dynamic universe. Sri Bhagwan in the seventh chapter of Bhagvad Gita says: "I will tell you spiritual experience (which is beyond the reach of reason), in addition to scientific expertise (and reasonable worldly knowledge), knowing that there is nothing to be known this world. "In the ninth chapter, he again emphasizes that the knowledge both free us from evil.
In fact, no one lives alone, even if you have live in two worlds. This is the spiritual experience that comes as a result of contact with nature and should make everyone realize that we belong to a unitary consciousness, the Man, yes animals. vegetable or mineral. If we experience this as part of a greater consciousness, this experience could do this, and the future of civilization healthy, safe and secure and prevent anyone to say in the future, "What men call civilization, always gives rise to the desert!" (Don Marquis). We are fortunate to have "the three great elements of modern civilization – TRADITION, information and religion" (Thomas Carlyle). The responsibility is, Therefore, to us today to discuss rationally, reason and direct use to mankind and its welfare. The current situation is both a challenge and an opportunity. If considered as an opportunity, be ready to live and create a healthy future productive, useful and creative for our progeny, but considering a challenge, ready to face the wrath of the next generation, determined in the face of the man to leave a legacy that shame us all the time as beautifully personified Tennyson:
"And Thus, when modern things are thrust.
Death under the lid of the coffin.
Our children turned liberal, dust,
And I wonder what was the did.
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About the Author
Three Star Hotel Complex on Crete, Greece